A Guide to River Fishing for Salmon – Techniques, Gear, and Prime Locations

Catching salmon during their annual spawning run in rivers is an exciting angling opportunity. These mighty fish transition from the ocean into freshwater rivers and streams to continue their life cycle. Savvy anglers who learn proper techniques and gear can enjoy amazing days catching salmon on their journey. In this complete guide we’ll cover tips tackle, bait, locations, and best practices for safely and ethically catching salmon in rivers.

Why Salmon Run Up Rivers Each Year

Salmon are anadromous fish meaning they migrate from saltwater to spawn in freshwater. Each year mature salmon make an arduous journey from the ocean into the river systems where they were originally hatched. Salmon species like king, coho, sockeye and chum salmon all have this ocean-to-river life cycle.

Using their strong homing instincts, salmon return to the exact river and tributary where they were born. Once in their spawning grounds female salmon lay eggs in gravel nests called redds. After males fertilize the eggs the adult salmon eventually die, completing their life cycle. The eggs hatch into juvenile salmon called smolt, which then migrate back downstream and into the ocean to feed and grow until maturity.

Prime Times and Locations to Target Salmon

• Early season – Late spring and early summer see initial salmon runs. Great for tributaries and upper river areas.

• Peak season: Most salmon runs in big rivers happen between the middle of summer and the beginning of winter.

• Low water: When the water is low and clear, fish at the mouths of tributaries.

• High water – Target main river channels during periods of high runoff.

• Structure – Docks, fallen trees, rocks and river mouths are salmon hangouts.

• Seams – Find where fast current meets slow water.

• Depth changes – Drop-offs and holes hold migrating salmon.

Lead Tactics and Techniques for River Salmon

Back bouncing – Lower a weighted bait rig into holes. Lift and drop line to mimic movement.

Drift fishing – Use a drift boat to float bait down current seam. Cover water to find biters.

Back trolling – Slowly move downstream while trolling plugs, bait or divers.

Plunking – Anchor bait in current at optimum depth. Wait for salmon to come to you.

Casting spinners – Cover water by casting spinners, spoons or spinner baits.

Jigging – Aggressively pop jigs in a vertical motion to trigger reaction bites.

Must-Have Tackle and Gear for Salmon

• Medium-heavy to heavy casting or spinning rods – 7-9 foot length

• Reels with smooth drag system and 20-50 lb. capacity

• Line – 30-50 lb. braided line with leader

• Lures – Kwikfish, Flatfish, spinners and casting spoons

• Sinkers and sliders for drift rigs

• Assortment of jig heads and soft plastic bodies

• Terminal tackle – Swivels, snaps, beads, hooks

• Nets – Essential for landing hooked salmon

• Waders – Useful for wading to prime spots

Top Salmon Baits and Lures for Rivers

• Cured salmon eggs – A classic salmon bait. Offered in sacs, clusters, or jars.

• Worms – Nightcrawlers or sandworms work for all salmon species.

• Herring – Cut or whole frozen herring is a popular pick.

• Prawn/shrimp – Effective bait for salmon due to strong scent.

• Sardines – Packed in oil or soybean, thread onto hooks.

• Plug wraps – Bait wraps enhance action and scent of lures.

• Spoons – Vary retrieve until you trigger strikes.

• Spinners – Good vibration and flash. Target aggressive fish.

Ethical and Safety Considerations When Salmon Fishing

• Limit harvest – Only keep what you plan to eat. Catch and release when possible.

• Care for fish – Use proper tackle to minimize fight time. Release fish without removing from water.

• Check regulations – Know size limits, seasons and limits to stay legal.

• Watch footing – Rivers and streams can have slippery rocks and fast currents.

• Filet salmon well – Inspect meat and cook thoroughly to kill any parasites.

Chasing salmon during their annual spawning run offers an exciting fishing opportunity. With the right approach and techniques, you can experience amazing days catching these strong fish on light tackle before they complete their life cycle. Follow this guide to ethical fishing practices, useful gear, and smart location choices to make the most of your river salmon fishing adventures.