Anyone loves ham, and it can make any meal better, from big holiday meals to everyday school lunches. You can find a type of ham that fits all of your cooking needs, whether you need to make a sandwich or a beautiful main dish for a gathering. But it can be hard to find the best ham because there are so many labels and descriptions that you might wish you had a culinary dictionary on hand. You’re in the right place if words like “cured,” “uncured,” “smoked,” and “shank” sound like they belong in a different language. What is ham? This complete guide to the different kinds of ham and how to cook them will explain. It will also talk about the history of ham. cured ham, the different types of ham and how to cook them. Read on to learn about the different types of ham you can buy and how to make them taste their best.
Ham is a type of pork that comes from the hind leg of a hog. Ham can be preserved and prepared in many different ways. Like many other cuts of meat, ham can simply be roasted with the bone either in or out. But ham can also be pre-cured and cooked in a lot of different ways to make it ready to eat.
For many of us, ham is a beloved holiday tradition or a tasty addition to sandwiches and pizzas. But unless you’ve worked in a butcher shop or culinary school, you may not know much about the different cuts of ham available. Understanding the three main types of ham cuts can help you select the right ham for your recipe or occasion.
In this comprehensive guide we’ll cover everything you need to know about the major ham cuts. including
- What part of the pig they come from
- Their unique characteristics
- How to cook each type of ham cut
- Which cut works best for different dishes
Armed with this handy ham cutting knowledge, you’ll be ready to wow your family or dinner guests with the perfect ham selection
An Overview of Ham and Its Origin
Before diving into the specifics, let’s quickly review what ham is and where it comes from. Ham is pork from the hind leg of a pig. It’s a very versatile meat that can be cured, smoked, or fresh. Here’s a quick Ham 101:
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Cured ham is preserved and flavored using salt smoke sugar, or other ingredients. This includes popular spiral cut hams.
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Fresh (or uncured) ham has no added preservatives. It should be cooked thoroughly like a pork roast.
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City ham is wet cured while country ham is dry cured.
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The term ham can only be applied to pork from the hind leg. Pork from the front legs is called picnic ham.
No matter how it’s cured or cooked, ham offers a signature sweet, salty, and smoky pork flavor. Now let’s look at the three main cuts of ham and their differences.
Ham Shank
The ham shank comes from the lower portion of the pig’s hind leg, closest to the hoof or “shank” area. It’s the economical cut many of us picture when we think of a classic holiday baked ham. Here are its main features:
- Bone-in with the femur bone running through the center
- Higher in fat content compared to other ham cuts
- Tenderness and flavor can vary depending on the producer
- Easy to carve due to straight bone shape
- Provides ample meat for serving large gatherings
- Ideal for roasting whole and garnishing (pineapple, cherries, cloves)
Since the ham shank contains a sizeable portion of the leg, it’s the best option for feeding a crowd. The shank end also photographs beautifully as the centerpiece ham on a holiday table. Due to its higher fat content, it can be prone to drying out during cooking. Be sure to roast it slowly at a low temperature and tent with foil to lock in moisture.
Ham Butt (Sirloin Tip)
The ham butt or sirloin tip comes from the upper portion of the hind leg, near the hip/butt area. Here is an overview:
- Bone-in with the aitchbone (pelvis) still attached
- Typically less fat than the shank
- Considered the most tender and flavorful cut
- Slightly smaller than the shank, serving about 10-12 people
- More difficult to carve around the aitchbone
- Ideal for glazing and roasting whole
- Works well for ham steaks and cubed ham
With its rich flavor and tenderness, the ham butt is regarded by many as the prime cut. It cooks up juicier thanks to less fat. The aitchbone makes carving trickier but also imparts extra aroma. This cut suits any roast ham occasion but also works nicely cubed for ham salad or on skewers. Cook it slowly like a shank, but expect a slightly shorter cook time.
Ham Center Slice
The center slice, as its name suggests, comes from the center or middle portion of the ham leg. Here’s what to expect:
- Boneless and flat in shape
- Lowest fat content of the major cuts
- Uniform in texture since muscles run same direction
- Thinner than other cuts, usually under 2 inches thick
- Contains a round muscle and teardrop muscle
- Perfect size for sandwiches, breakfasts, and smaller meals
- Can be broiled, pan fried, or baked
Center cut ham slices are extremely versatile in the kitchen. Their thin profile makes them ideal for sandwiches, pizza, breakfasts, and ham steaks. The lack of bone also allows for quick cooking methods like grilling or pan frying. Center cut slices contain a mix of muscles for well-balanced texture and moisture. Their smaller size suits meal occasions for 2-4 people.
How to Cook Different Cuts of Ham
Now that you know the three main options, let’s discuss how to bring out the best in each cut through proper cooking:
Ham Shank
- Score the fat cap and apply a glaze for added flavor/browning
- Place it bone side down in a roasting pan and add 1 cup liquid
- Tent ham tightly with foil and roast at 325 F until almost done
- Uncover, apply more glaze, and roast until 145 F internal temperature
- Allow to rest for 10-15 minutes before slicing
Ham Butt
- Also score fat cap and glaze before roasting
- Can be baked whole or cut into steaks
- Roast in 325 F oven until 145 F, basting with juices
- Steaks take less time – grill or pan fry 4-5 minutes per side
- Roast bone-in 15-18 minutes per pound
- Boneless roasts take 12-15 minutes per pound
Center Slice
- Works well whole, halved, or cut into small pieces
- Grill, pan fry, bake, or broil 4-7 minutes per side
- Baste with maple syrup, brown sugar, or fruit preserves while cooking
- Fry in a skillet for quick weeknight ham dinner
- Dice it up for omelets, hash, or ham salad
Follow these basic cooking guidelines to get the most from your specific ham cut. Adjust cooking time up or down based on thickness and amount of bone. And let the ham rest before slicing to prevent drying out.
How to Use Different Ham Cuts in Recipes
Beyond holiday dinners, ham finds its way into tons of delicious recipes. Here are some of the best ways to use each cut:
Ham Shank
- Baked ham with pineapple and cherries
- Split pea soup with ham bone
- Ham and bean soup like Senate bean soup
- Diced in potatoes au gratin or scalloped potatoes
Ham Butt
- Brown sugar or maple glazed ham
- Ham steak with red eye gravy
- Diced ham for ham salad sandwiches
- Ham skewers or kabobs
Center Slice
- Breakfast ham steaks or chops
- Denver omelet with ham
- Ham and cheese panini
- Ham, egg, and cheese breakfast sliders
- Ham and pineapple pizza
With so many options, you’re sure to find the perfect recipe for your preferred cut of ham.
Buying Ham – What to Look For
Now that you’re a ham cutting expert, here are some tips for selecting the best ham at the grocery store or butcher shop:
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Pick a reputable brand for high quality and consistent results
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Check the ingredients. Opt for hams with no artificial preservatives.
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Look for marbling throughout for better moisture and flavor.
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Don’t pay extra for water weight. Choose low sodium hams with minimal added water.
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Consider boneless for convenience or bone-in for fuller flavor.
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Get it sliced at the deli for quick cooking and serving.
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Inspect the fat cap for quality and trim if needed.
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Calculate servings based on 1/2 lb per person, more for bone-in cuts.
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Watch for sales right before holidays when stores want to clear stock.
Following these simple ham buying tips will help you pick a winner every time.
Frequently Asked Questions About Ham Cuts
If you’re still hungry for more ham knowledge, here are answers to some common questions:
What is the most expensive cut of ham?
The ham butt or sirloin cut tends to be the most expensive since it’s considered the prime cut. Smaller center cut slices are also pricier per pound.
Which cut of ham is the most lean?
The center slice contains the least fat, followed by the ham butt. The shank end usually has the highest fat content.
Is a boneless ham still flavorful?
While bone-in ham is often tastier, high quality boneless ham still delivers plenty of flavor. Opt for a bone-removed ham for the best of both worlds.
What’s the difference between ham steak and ham chops?
There really isn’t a difference – people use these terms interchangeably. They both refer to slices of ham cut across the leg.
How long does an uncooked fresh ham need to bake?
Plan on roasting an uncured 10-15 lb fresh ham for a total of 5-6 hours minimum. Refer to a meat thermometer for doneness.
Why are some hams called picnic hams?
Picnic ham comes from the upper part of the front leg, not the hind leg. They were a popular choice for outdoor picnics since they are smaller.
Enjoy Delicious Ham All Year Round
Now that you know your ham hocks from your ham shanks, you can take your ham enjoyment to new levels. Share your expertise at the meat counter during the hectic holidays or pick the perfect ham steak for a weeknight dinner.
With such different flavors and textures among the cuts, there’s a ham for every occasion. Understanding the nuances of each cut helps remove the guesswork. Just follow our cooking tips to roast, fry, grill or bake your ham cut to juicy, savory perfection.
What Is Uncured Ham?
Now that you’re familiar with cured ham, it’s finally time to demystify what uncured ham is. Uncured ham, which is also called “fresh ham,” is the same cut of pork as cured ham. The only difference is that the meat has not been treated with the same chemicals, smoke, or other flavors that are used on cured ham. There are nitrates in cured ham that many of us are used to, so uncured ham may have a slightly different, more natural color than what you are used to seeing in the grocery store.
Uncured ham has already been cured, despite its name. It has just been cured in a different, more natural way than regular cured ham. Basically, curing is just a way to keep meat fresh by using salt, acid, and sugar as raw materials. These ingredients work to remove excess water from the ham, preventing the meat from spoiling. Beets, celery, and other natural foods are also often used to make a tasty curing solution that doesn’t have any added chemicals or flavors.
The natural curing process can make meat taste better and is better for you because it doesn’t use any artificial ingredients. If you’re interested in trying uncured ham, look for labels that say “uncured” or “sodium nitrate-free. ” These labels indicate the ham will not contain artificial ingredients.
You should still cook your uncured ham in the oven until it reaches a safe temperature, even though most of it is already fully cooked. When cooking your uncured ham, keep these guidelines in mind:
- Put the ham that hasn’t been cured in a large roasting pan and put a meat thermometer inside it. You can use an oven bag to reheat a ham that hasn’t been cured.
- Putting water, stock, or wine in the bottom of the roasting pan and covering the ham tightly with aluminum foil or a lid will help keep it from drying out. This will make the meat slices more moist.
- Set the oven temperature no lower than 325 degrees Fahrenheit. This will make sure that the whole ham is cooked all the way through and that the meat is safe to eat.
- Putting a glaze on the ham as it cooks will help the meat stay moist and taste great overall.
- Make sure the ham has reached at least 145 degrees Fahrenheit on the inside with a meat thermometer before taking it out of the oven. At this temperature, you can be sure that the meat is safe to eat.
- For extra flavor and to help the ham stay moist, add more glaze as soon as it comes out of the oven.
- Let your uncured ham sit for a while before you serve it. This will give the juices and flavors more time to set in. Place a thin layer of aluminum foil over the ham to keep it from freezing. It also gives the ham a chance to cool down before you try to cut it.
- Save time by purchasing a pre-glazed, spiral-cut ham. The ham only needs to be put in the oven for a short time.
Remember that the famously tasty cut of meat will taste different depending on where the pigs are raised, what they eat, and how the ham is stored and flavored. The steps you take to cook the ham will also affect how juicy and tasty it is, but picking a good ham is the first thing that must be done.
Read on to find out more about how to cook different kinds of ham and how that changes the way they taste.
Modern Uses of Ham
In the United States, ham is often used in its sliced form to fill sandwiches and similar foods. Specifically, the ham and cheese sandwich is a classic lunchtime staple for many Americans. There are also toasted ham sandwiches like the Cubano, which has two kinds of pork, melted Swiss cheese, pickles, and mustard to make a sour and tangy meal.
In the United States, ham is often used to make sandwiches and to top pizzas. For example, the Hawaiian-style pizza has ham and pineapple on it. In other parts of the world, ham is a centerpiece in traditional dishes. Check out these famous ham dishes from all over the globe:
- Croque-monsieur is a tasty French lunchtime sandwich made with boiled ham and cheese. It can be baked or fried. The croque-monsieur was first served as a quick snack in French bars and cafes. It has since become a beloved treat around the world. A fried egg is put on top of the ham and cheese sandwich when it is served as a Croque Madame.
- The jambon-beurre is another popular French sandwich. To make it, you cut a baguette in half, spread butter on one or both sides, and put ham slices inside.
- This Korean stew has kimchi, instant noodles, baked beans, ham, sausage, spam, and gochujang, which is a red chili paste.
- Denver omelet: Denver omelets are made with diced ham, green bell peppers, and chopped onions mixed into a fluffy egg dish.
- The Denver sandwich is like the Denver omelet in that it has ham, green bell peppers, onions, and scrambled eggs between two pieces of bread or toast. Sometimes, additional ingredients are included.
- Most Irish delis sell jambon, which is a square pastry filled with ham and cheese chunks.
- There is a Hong Kong pastry called ham and egg bun that is made by putting ham and egg in a bun.
- This Portuguese sandwich is very rich. It is made by putting wet-cured ham, Portuguese smoke-cured pork, sausage, and steak or another roasted meat on bread, then putting melted cheese on top of it all. A spicy tomato and beer sauce is often spread on top of the sandwich.
- Pan de jamon is a traditional Christmas bread in Venezuela. It has ham, green olives, fried bacon, and raisins inside.
- When you wrap any kind of meat around cheese and then bread it and either pan-fry it or deep-fry it, you have ham cordon bleu. In ham cordon bleu, the ham is often stuffed with cheese and mushrooms.
- Gammon is a British cut of pork leg that can be bought whole or cut into slices. It has been cured but still needs more cooking. When gammon is cooked, it makes a beautiful and tasty main dish for holiday dinners all over the UK.
- What is ham salad? It’s like chicken or tuna salad in that it has chopped vegetables, mayonnaise, and a dressing that makes the salad taste good.
- Schnitz un knepp is a tasty Pennsylvania Dutch dish made with ham, dried apples, and dumplings.
- To make stuffed ham, take a corned ham and stuff it with seasoned greens. This easy recipe comes from southern Maryland.
- To toast Hawaii, put ham, fresh pineapple, cheese, and a maraschino cherry on a piece of toast. This is a traditional Hawaiian dish.
All of the above ham recipes are delicious in their own ways, but ham is usually served as the main dish at a fancy dinner party. Namely, ham is an extremely popular Christmas dinner dish. However, a big spiral-sliced ham is an easy and impressive entree choice for any large gathering or celebration.
Here are the five best times to serve ham at a big event, from Christmas and Easter to a wedding or a graduation:
- Ham is simple and beautiful. If you’re having a party, serving ham is an easy way to make sure your guests have a beautiful main dish without much work. It’s easy to cook ham, so even a beginner chef can do it. Not only do you not have to carve the meat yourself if you buy a spiral-sliced ham, but
- Ham can feed a lot of people. It’s a great main dish for big events because it’s a big, filling meat that will make everyone happy. If you buy a ham, you’ll have plenty of meat without having to spend as much as if you bought a prime rib or something else more expensive.
- You can make your own ham. You can dress it up as much or as little as you want, depending on how much time and work you want to put into it. You can make a maple or fruit glaze and put pineapple rings on top of your ham if you like it sweet. Instead, you can enjoy the saltier side of your ham by making a creamy mustard sauce to cover it in.
- Many main courses need to be served hot, which can be hard at a drop-in event where the food is out all the time for people to come and go. Ham’s serving temperature is flexible. Giving ham as a gift solves this problem because it can be enjoyed hot or cold. Plus, when you serve ham, you don’t have to worry about whether some people like their meat well done or rare, like you do when you serve roast beef.
- Ham goes well with many different side dishes. Unlike most meats, ham doesn’t get smothered in gravy, so it can be eaten with anything from baked beans or potatoes au gratin to a simple side salad or dinner roll. The flavors of ham will go well with any side dish you like, so you won’t have to learn a new one. A great way to get people to make their own ham sandwiches is to lay out freshly baked bread, rolls, or biscuits, different cheeses, and spreads next to the ham.