Even today, people are surprised to learn that Istanbul ISNT the capital of Turkey. Their next question usually is, why is Ankara the capital and not Istanbul? We understand the confusion. After all, when looking at cities in Turkey, much hype revolves around Istanbul, the largest city. Politically, Istanbul is Turkeys stronghold. The saying goes that if you control Istanbul, you control Turkey. Additionally, most people head to Istanbul rather than Ankara for tourism and travel. Istanbul is a contemporary city that leads the way in business, healthcare, finance, real estate and investment, and education. So, the confusion is understandable. However, there is a tale to be told about how and when Ankara became the capital of Turkey in order to address the question.
When you think of Turkey, the first city that pops into your head is probably Istanbul, the bustling metropolis straddling two continents. But did you know that Ankara, not Istanbul, is actually the capital of Turkey?
This might come as a surprise to many, but there’s a fascinating story behind this shift in power. Let’s delve into the history and reasons why Ankara took the crown from Istanbul, and why it continues to be the beating heart of Turkey today.
From Ancient City to Modern Capital: A Journey Through Time
Ankara’s history stretches back millennia, with evidence of settlements dating back to the Bronze Age. It has witnessed the rise and fall of empires, from the Hittites and Phrygians to the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans. Each era left its mark on the city, shaping its architecture, culture, and identity.
During the Ottoman Empire, Ankara served as the capital of the Angora Vilayet a vast region encompassing much of central Anatolia. However, the empire’s decline and the subsequent Turkish War of Independence brought about a dramatic change.
The Rise of Ankara: A Symbol of Independence and Resilience
In 1920, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the visionary leader of the Turkish national movement, chose Ankara as the headquarters of his resistance. This strategic decision was driven by several factors:
- Location: Situated in the heart of Anatolia, Ankara was far from the reach of the Allied forces occupying Istanbul. This provided the Turkish nationalists with a safe haven to organize and strategize.
- Symbolism: Choosing a city other than Istanbul, the traditional seat of Ottoman power, symbolized a break from the past and the establishment of a new, independent Turkish state.
- Logistics: Ankara’s central location made it easier for the nationalists to communicate and coordinate with different parts of the country.
Following the Turkish victory in the War of Independence, Ankara was officially declared the capital of the newly founded Republic of Turkey on October 13, 1923. This marked a significant shift in the country’s political landscape, moving the center of power away from the cosmopolitan Istanbul to the heartland of Anatolia.
Why Ankara Remains the Capital Today
Even though Istanbul continues to be Turkey’s largest city and a global economic hub, Ankara’s position as the capital remains firmly established. Several factors contribute to this:
- Historical Significance: Ankara played a pivotal role in the Turkish War of Independence and the establishment of the Republic. Its status as the capital serves as a constant reminder of this struggle and the sacrifices made for the nation’s freedom.
- Central Location: Ankara’s position in the heart of Anatolia provides easy access to all parts of the country, facilitating communication and governance.
- Political Stability: As the seat of government, Ankara houses all major political institutions and ministries, ensuring efficient administration and decision-making.
- Economic Growth: While not as prominent as Istanbul, Ankara has witnessed significant economic development in recent decades, becoming a major center for industry, trade, and education.
Ankara: More Than Just a Capital City
Beyond its political significance, Ankara offers a rich cultural experience for visitors. The city boasts a treasure trove of historical landmarks, including the majestic Ankara Castle, the Roman Temple of Augustus and Rome, and the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations.
Ankara also houses the impressive Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a revered figure in Turkish history. This grand monument serves as a poignant reminder of Atatürk’s legacy and his role in shaping modern Turkey.
The Future of Ankara: A Capital on the Rise
With its rich history, strategic location, and growing economic importance, Ankara is poised to continue its role as the heart of Turkey. The city is undergoing rapid modernization, with new infrastructure projects and urban development initiatives transforming its landscape.
As Turkey navigates the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century, Ankara will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the nation’s future. Its status as the capital ensures that it will remain a focal point for political, economic, and cultural development.
So, the next time you think of Turkey, remember that Ankara, not Istanbul, is the country’s beating heart. This historic city, steeped in tradition and resilience, continues to be a symbol of Turkish identity and a driving force behind the nation’s progress.
1: Historical Significance of Both Cities
Istanbul: As the former capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, Istanbul boasts an unparalleled historical heritage. The city was the Roman Empires heart as Constantinople wielded power throughout the centuries.
Ankara: Though ancient, Ankaras significance primarily revolves around the capital city status after the Ottoman Empires demise. The city played crucial roles in modern Turkeys formation and development.
Main Attractions, Buildings and Highlights of Ankara Capital City of Turkey
1. Anitkabir – The Mausoleum of Ataturk: Anitkabir, is the grand and awe-inspiring mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. This monuments sheer scale and architectural beauty pay homage to the nations visionary leader. Throughout the expansive courtyard, the history of Turkey and the legacy of Ataturk’s vision are evident as you take in the Changing of the Guard ceremony.
2. The fascinating Museum of Anatolian Civilizations is housed in a former Ottoman han, or caravanserai, and displays thousands of artifacts spanning from the Neolithic to the Byzantine periods. Admire magnificent collections of Roman and Greek artifacts, ancient religious relics, and finely carved Hittite artifacts that each tell a different story about Anatolian heritage.
3. Wander around Ulus Old Town, Ankara’s quaint cobblestone streets where historic sites, traditional Ottoman homes, and buildings bring history to life. See the Haci Bayram Mosque, a representation of Ottoman architecture, and peruse the crowded marketplaces filled with regional handicrafts, spices, and authentic Turkish fare.
4. Citadel of Ankara: Also called Ankara Kalesi, this hilltop fortress provides stunning, all-encompassing city views. Wander through this well-preserved fortresss ancient walls and towers, dating back to the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman periods.
5. Atakule Tower: For modern touchs, Head to Atakule Tower, Ankaras iconic landmark. This 410-foot-high tower offers birds-eye views of the citys skyline. Savor meals with a view at the rotating restaurant, or go to the observation deck to see the city’s breathtaking sunsets.
6. Genclik Park: Embrace natures embrace at Genclik Park, one of Turkeys largest urban parks. The park, which is perfect for gatherings with loved ones, has tranquil ponds, verdant areas, and recreational opportunities like boat rides, picnics, and bike rides.
7. Kocatepe Mosque: Witness the elegance of Kocatepe Mosque, a modern masterpiece building of Islamic architecture. As Ankara’s largest mosque, Kocatepe Mosques soaring minarets and stunning interior creates serene ambiences for prayer and contemplation.
Why Istanbul Isn’t the Capital of Turkey
FAQ
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